Thubten Gyatso Wiki, Age, Death, Family, Biography & More – FilmyVoice

Thubten Gyatso, often known as Ngawang Lobsang Thupten Gyatso Jigdral Chokley Namgyal (1876-1933), was the thirteenth Dalai Lama of Tibet. In 1877, on the age of two, he was acknowledged as the following reincarnation of the Dalai Lama. He was often called ‘The Nice Thirteenth.’ He was chargeable for initiating the modernization of Tibet and launched electrical energy, phone and the primary car to the nation. He was an mental reformer of regulation and an important politician. Throughout his regency, he restored self-discipline in monastic life, appointed extra non-ordained members as authorities officers and administered a secular schooling system. He died on 17 December 1933 (on the age of 57) in Lhasa, Tibet. He was succeeded by Gyalwa Rinpoche (22 February 1940) because the 14th Dalai Lama of Tibet.

Wiki/Biography

Ngawang Lobsang Thupten Gyatso Jigdral Chokley Namgyal, abbreviated as, Thubten Gyatso was born on Saturday, 12 February 1876 within the village of Thakpo Langdun, Ü-Tsang, Tibet. His delivery was accompanied by varied auspicious indicators together with one story of the Dakpo (dwags po) being destroyed in an earthquake apart from his household home. From different sources, some mystical sightings have been additionally reported. Throughout his childhood, he suffered from varied diseases. Notably, he received severely unwell throughout the Smallpox epidemic in Lhasa in 1882. He was acknowledged because the thirteenth Tibetan non secular chief after the premature demise of the twelfth Dalai Lama Trinle Gyatso (1856-1875). He started his early research at Potala Palace and after a protracted interval of denying his political duties, he assumed his place in 1895. In 1899, he took the examination for the diploma of Geshe Lharampa, the very best tutorial diploma awarded inside the Gelukpa monastic academic system. He grew to become the primary Dalai Lama with the Lharampa diploma.

Thakpo Langdun, Ü-Tsang, Tibet, birthplace of the thirteenth Dalai Lama

Discovery of the thirteenth chief

In 1875, after the sudden demise of the twelfth Dalai Lama, Trinle Gyatso (ta la’i bla ma 13 ‘phrin la rgya mtsho), the brand new reincarnation was prophesized within the South-East course by the Nechung Oracle. Thubten Gyatso was found by Khenzur Lobzang Dargye (mkhan zur blo bzang dar rgyas, d.u.) at his village the place he was confirmed as the following Dalai Lama. He was then delivered to the Potala Palace for the official ceremony. On 1 August 1879, the eighth Panchen Lama, Tenpai Wangchuk, often known as Namgyal Wangdui Gyaltsen (1855–1882) ordained Thubten Gyatso because the thirteenth Dalai Lama of Tibet. He was bestowed with the title Jetsun Ngawang Lobzang Tubten Gyatso Jikdrel Wangchuk Chokle Namgyel Pelzangpo (blo bzang thub bstan rgya mtsho ‘jigs bral dbang phyug phyogs las rnams rgyal dpal bzang po).

Potala Palace, the place the thirteenth Dalai Lama was enthroned in August 1879

Household

Mother and father

His father’s title was Kunga Rinchen (kun dga’ rin chen) and his mom’s title was Lobzang Dolma (blo bzang sgrol ma). They have been a peasant household earlier than his discovery because the thirteenth reincarnation of Dalai Lama. After his enthronement, his household was ennobled by the Qing Emperor and his father was bestowed the title of Gong (a excessive rank of Chinese language the Aristocracy, Zhou Dynasty, Han Dynasty).

Signature

The Private Seal of the thirteenth Dalai Lama

Gaining Political Energy

After his enthronement, he obtained the Upasaka (Tib.: ge-nyen) vows from the Regent Tatsak Rinpoche, Ngawang Palden Yeshi. On the age of six, he was formally ordained as a novice monk in 1882. His tutor, Phurchok Ngawang Jampa Rinpoche, ordained him as a full monk (Tib.: ge-long)  within the Jokhang Temple, Lhasa, on 8 August 1895. He assumed non secular and political authority of Tibet on 27 September 1895. He discovered the complexities of worldwide politics and the significance of international relations throughout his exile interval on the time of the British invasion (1904-1909), and the Chinese language invasion (1910 to 1913).

Tibetan-British Military Conflict: Dalai Lama’s fulfilled prophecy

In 1880, after receiving Dalai Lama’s blessings, 9 hundred Tibetan troopers have been led by Depon Ngapo (mda dpon nga phod, d.u.), and Surkhang (zur khang, d.u.) to protect the Sikkim-Tibetan border in opposition to the British military. The primary armed conflict occurred in March 1888 between them which resulted within the retreat of the technologically inferior Tibetan Military. The recurring occasions led to the “Anglo-Chinese language Conference Regarding Sikkim and Tibet” treaty signed by the Chinese language Qing authorities and the British authorities in 1890. The treaty outlined the Tibet-Sikkim frontier and granted the British authorities the suitable to commerce and enter Tibet. The Tibetans refused the treaty and demanded Lhasa be in command of Tibet. This led to additional clashes between the Chinese language, British and Tibetan officers and resulted in Dalai Lama leaving Tibet to hunt refuge in different international locations. The complete occasion from the British invasion to Dalai Lama’s flight to a number of international locations was foretold in his dream when he was 13 years outdated (1889). In 1909, he fled Lhasa along with his officers in the direction of India. He returned to Tibet in January 1913, after the Manchu Dynasty was overthrown. He refused to simply accept any ranks below the brand new Chinese language authorities and resumed the political and non secular management of Tibet. He then went on to train extra of his political powers aided by the data he earned throughout his exile in India. In 1910, he met Sir Charles Alfred Bell (1870-1945), often called British India’s ambassador to Tibet, who then wrote his biography known as “Portrait of the Dalai Lama” in 1946.

The thirteenth Dalai Lama (sitting on the suitable), Sir Charles Alfred Bell (left seated), Maharaj Kumar Sidkeong Trul-ku (standing) March 1910, Calcutta

Modernization of Tibet

After his return from Mongolia, China and India, Thubten Gyatso (Dalai Lama) set on a mission to carry political and trendy reforms to Tibet. He then instantly assumed political management of all international relations. In 1913, he declared the independence of Tibet from China adopted by issuing Tibet’s paper forex, cash, postage stamps, standardization of the Tibetan flag, establishing the primary submit workplace, and reasserting Tibetan independence.

The thirteenth Dalai Lama launched the Flag of Tibet (1912), the primary Banknote and postage stamp of Tibet (on the finish of 1912)

Dalai Lama aimed toward implementing the Tibetan army pressure and arranged particular coaching for the Tibetan military in 1914.

He additionally established a number of essential establishments together with the Tibetan Medical Institute (Males-Tse Khang, Jokhang), a police headquarters in Lhasa and the primary English college in Gyaltse.

Males-Tsee-Khang was established by The thirteenth Dalai Lama in Lhasa, Tibet, in 1916. He then re-established the institute in Dharamshala, India on March 1961.

Dalai Lama established a nationwide taxation system as a countermeasure to corruption amongst authorities officers. He then launched a secular schooling system to the present spiritual schooling system , revised the penal system (abolished Capital punishment, diminished Corporal punishment), and improved dwelling circumstances in jails. Gaining data from his travels throughout the nation and a number of the influential international representatives, Dalia Lama labored in the direction of additional modernization of Tibet. He invited international advisors to construct academic establishments in Tibet and practice the Tibetan military.

The Bodyguard Regiment (Tib. Ka dang sku srung dmag sgar)(picture taken in 1948-1950), created by the thirteenth Dalai Lama in 1913

One out of the 4 boys despatched by him to review in England got here again with an schooling in Electrical engineering and put in the primary energy station in Tibet. The opposite one established a telegraph line from Lhasa to Gyantse (rgyal rtse). In the course of the finish of his time, his reforms have been additional carried out by his private attendant, Thubten Kunphela (1905-1963). In 1931, a contemporary military routine was created and in the identical yr, new forex mints and munition factories pushed by Tibet’s first Hydroelectric plant have been established in Trapchi.

Sino-Tibetan Battle (1930) & Qinghai-Tibet Battle (1932)

Sino-Tibetan Battle, Qinghai, Xikang, Tibet (1930-1932)

In Might 1930, the Tibetan military, below the thirteenth Dalai Lama, invaded the Xikang (beforehand Kham) and the Qinghai areas and managed to defeat the Sichuan military within the Sino-Tibetan battle. Nonetheless, their victory was shortlived as they have been compelled to retreat and lose a few of their lands as a result of joint assault of Ma Bufang (Ma clique warlord), Liu Wenhui (Sichuan warlord), Chiang Kai-shek (the chief of the Republic of China). Dalai Lama demoted the Tibetan generals who’d surrendered and pleaded to the British authorities of India for help. Consequently, the battle formally led to 1933.

Different Notable Work

In 1913, Dalai Lama gave a public educating of Lamrim Chenmo (lam rim chen mo, Phases of the Path, a Tibetan Buddhist textual type depicting the phases of enlightenment taught by Buddha). He additionally proposed the renovation of temples in central Tibet (together with the Jokhang temple). He established the Shol Printing Press in Lhasa and sponsored the republishing of essential spiritual texts. Though Dalai Lama labored in the direction of the modernization of Tibet, he was against a number of the trendy traits together with Western clothes, using cigarettes and aristocratic girls sporting costly jewelry as a show of wealth. He put a ban on the import of Tobacco.

Proclamations

Professor Ngawang Thondup Narkyid (1929-2017, dubbed because the Father of the Tibetan Typewriter) addressed the life and works of the good thirteenth Dalai Lama on the Worldwide Marketing campaign for Tibet on September 10, 2010. A few of the takeaways are as follows.

Peace and happiness on this world can solely be maintained by preserving the religion of Buddhism. It’s, subsequently, important to protect all Buddhist establishments in Tibet, such because the Jokhang temple and Ramoche in Lhasa, Samye, and Traduk in southern Tibet, and the three nice monasteries, and so forth.”

The varied Buddhist sects in Tibet needs to be saved in a definite and pure type. Buddhism needs to be taught, discovered, and meditated upon correctly. Aside from particular individuals, the directors of monasteries are forbidden to commerce, mortgage cash, deal in any sort of livestock, and/or subjugate one other’s topics.”

Conflicts

The senior Gelug lamas (lecturers of the Tibetan Buddhist colleges) have been in fixed disagreement with the thirteenth Dalai lama’s spiritual practices and reforms. Nonetheless, the opinions have been mutual. Being a follower of Nyingma teachings, he put restrictions on the observe of  Dorje Shugden (often known as Dolgyal, a deity who punishes non-followers). His views conflicted with Pabongkha Dechen Nyingpo (pha bong kha bde chen snying po, 1878-1941) who was one of many promoters of Shugden. A few of the insurance policies carried out by the thirteenth Dalai Lama, in a while, have been confronted with spiralling lack of affect. Earlier than his time, it was forbidden for any member of the Dalai Lama’s household to work within the authorities as a senior official. He disregarded this consensus and appointed his nephew, Kunga Wangchuk (kun dga’ dbang phyug, b.1907) as Prime Minister (srid blon) of Tibet. Missing political expertise and being simply nineteen years outdated, Kunga Wangchuk confronted problem to manipulate the nation. Additional, Dalai Lama allowed monks to serve within the Kashag (the governing council of Tibet, created in 1721, and dissipated on 28 March 1959) which was beforehand prohibited. Nonetheless, the appointed monk officers began obstructing his amendments.

The thirteenth Dalai Lama (sitting) along with his officers

Final Testomony & Dying

Throughout his remaining days, Dalai Lama was conscious of Tibet’s weak political state of affairs and fearful about his nation’s destiny. He gave his final testomony, a yr earlier than his demise, at Reting Monastery, the place he talked about the approaching hazard to Buddhism, the significance of a war-trained military, and sustaining political diplomacy with India and China.

In future, this technique shall be definitely be compelled both from inside or from outdoors the land that cherished the joint non secular and temporal system. If, in such an occasion, we fail to defend our land, the holy lamas together with “the triumphant father and son” [the Dalai Lama and the Paṇchen Lama] shall be eradicated with out a hint of their names remaining; the properties of the reincarnate lamas and of the monasteries together with their endowments for spiritual providers shall be seized. Furthermore, our political system originated by the three historical kings shall be diminished to empty title; my officers, disadvantaged of their patrimony and property, shall be subjugated, as slaves for the enemies; and my folks subjected to worry and miseries, shall be unable to endure day or night time. Such an period will definitely come.”

On 17 December 1933, the thirteenth Dalai Lama bid his remaining farewell to the world at Potala Palace, Lhasa, Tibet. . His tomb was inbuilt 1934-1936 in Potala Palace and is called Serdhung Gelek Dhojo.

The tomb of the thirteenth Dalai Lama, Potala Palace, Lhasa, Tibet

Information/Trivia

• Khenzur Lobzang Dargye had a imaginative and prescient about him on the sacred lake of Lhamo Lhatso.

• His mom had many desires earlier than his delivery indicating him as the following Dalai Lama.

• After the passing of his tutor and good friend, Jampa Gyatso, he wrote his biography.

• When he was 13 years outdated, he prophesied his exile.

• He refused to imagine political energy till the age of twenty as a result of he needed to finish his spiritual research and needed an skilled chief to manage the nation.

• There have been many occurrences of prophecies implying his demise. One such incident included the revelation of his homicide plot by the previous regent, the Ninth Demo and his members of the family.

• He ordained the Ninth Paṇchen Lama within the Jokhang in 1902.

• He discovered about Russian affect in Central Asia by way of his tutor Agvan Lobsan Dorzhiev (1854-1938). Agvan Dorzhieve was considered one of his shut associates who satisfied him to flee Tibet throughout the British invasion in 1905.

• He initiated an order banning animal slaughter in Tibet, nevertheless, it was not totally carried out.